Joint Complex Dysfunction is a general term used to describe the condition in which joints cease to function fully, and start down the path of progressively limited mobility and increased pain and stiffness. David R. Seaman, D.C. has done extensive research to show chiropractic care to be a valid treatment protocol for a variety of medically recognized conditions. His article, originally published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics (JMPT), is posted (with abbreviations spelled out) below.

Joint Complex Dysfunction
Seaman, Dr. DC, MS, DABCN, JMPT 1997, Joint Complex Dysfunction has been described by DCs PTs MDs. All agree that reduced mobility promotes pathological changes in the structures that make up the joint complex, and that pain, inflammation and stiffness are common manifestations of the lesion. Restoring mobility is often a primary objective of treatment. Muscle functional imbalances, such as tightening, shortening and trigger points are intimately associated with joint hypomobility/immobility and may be components of joint complex dysfunction. Muscles develop weakness of tightness in typical imbalance patterns which promote faulty movement patterns, an essential component of joint complex dysfunction. It is likely that joint complex dysfunction develops before pain is generated. Connective tissue, disc and muscle pathology (degeneration and atrophy) without any symptoms can exist in asymptomatic and apparently healthy individuals. Muscles play a role in stabilizing the spinal column and muscle weakness may predispose the spine to injury. This suggests that the great majority of people suffer asymptomatic joint complex dysfunction before spinal tissue injury generates pain. Once injury occurs, a new set of dynamics comes into play, including inflammation nociception and pain.all of which promote immobility and further development of joint complex dysfunction including increased formation and deposition of fibrous tissue which further reduces mobility and promotes joint complex dysfunction.

Additional Resources:
Chiro Web
http://www.chiroweb.com/archives/20/08/11.html
An article examining various aspects of joint complex dysfunction

American Manual Medicine
http://www.americanmanualmedicine.com/education/a43z2.html
An article discussing the relationship of vertebral dysfunction, and secondary symptoms, not to joint displacement (subluxation) but to abnormal joint connective tissues, such as injured ligaments.